Network Address Translation
Configure and verify inside source NAT with static mappings, dynamic pools and port address translation.
Network Time Protocol
Configure and verify NTP client and server relationships so logs, certificates and operations share trustworthy time.
DHCP & DNS
Explain how DHCP supplies host configuration and DNS maps human-friendly names to network data.
SNMP
Explain how SNMP managers, agents, MIB objects, polling and notifications support network operations.
Syslog
Interpret syslog facilities, severity levels, timestamps and remote logging behaviour.
DHCP Client & Relay
Configure an IOS interface as a DHCP client and relay client broadcasts to a server on another subnet.
Quality of Service
Explain per-hop QoS behaviour including classification, marking, queuing, congestion management, policing and shaping.
SSH Remote Access
Configure IOS for authenticated, encrypted remote CLI access and verify the VTY path.
TFTP & FTP
Describe how TFTP and FTP transfer configurations and software images, including their transport and security trade-offs.